The Koch Snowflake

The Koch Snowflake

The Koch Snowflake is the final curve (on the right) in the sequence of curves below.

(this image was taken from a web page at the Geometry Center of the University of Minnesota)

The pictures indicate how the snowflake curve evolves. Begin with an equilateral triangle. The next curve is obtained by removing the middle third of each side of the triangle and then bridging the gap with two sides of a new, smaller equilateral triangle.

Schematically, each side is undergoing a "replacement".



                                                /\
                                               /  \
                             ----->           /    \          
   ________________________          ________/      \________
			           

Similarly, once we have reached the nth iteration of the snowflake curve, the (n+1)st iteration is obtained by removing the middle third of each line segment and bridging the gap with two sides of a smaller equilateral triangle. Another way to say this is that each side undergoes the replacement pictured above, on the appropriate scale.

The snowflake is the limiting figure obtained by this procedure.

Length and Area

The snowflake curve has the very interesting property that it has finite area but infinite boundary length.

You can see that the area is finite by drawing a circle around the figure. For a nice exercise, see if you can write a geometric series for the area and find the sum.

To see that the length of the boundary is infinite, just notice that the length of the curve at iteration n is 4/3 times the length of the curve at the previous iteration, as is apparent from the "replacement" sketch.